What Causes Flat Feet or Pes Planus? Understanding the Origins and Impacts
Flat feet, also known as pes planus, is a condition where the arches of the feet are lower than usual or absent entirely. While many people with flat feet experience no symptoms, others may face discomfort or even pain, particularly during physical activity. Understanding the causes of flat feet is essential for prevention and management. Here’s a closer look at what contributes to this condition.
1. Genetics and Family History
One of the most significant factors in developing flat feet is genetics. If flat feet run in your family, you may inherit the condition. This is because the structure of the foot, including the arches, can be passed down from one generation to the next.
2. Developmental Factors in Childhood
Flat feet are common in infants and young children as the arches of the feet are not fully developed. For most children, the arches will form naturally as they grow. However, in some cases, the arches may not develop properly, leading to flat feet that persist into adulthood. This is often due to a combination of genetic predisposition and developmental factors.
3. Injury or Trauma
Injuries to the feet or ankles can cause the arches to collapse. This might happen due to fractures, ligament tears, or other trauma that affects the foot’s structure. In such cases, flat feet can develop suddenly and may be accompanied by pain or other symptoms.
4. Obesity
Excess weight places additional strain on the feet, particularly the arches. Over time, this added pressure can lead to the collapse of the arches, resulting in flat feet. Obesity can also exacerbate existing flat feet, leading to increased discomfort and a higher risk of related problems like plantar fasciitis or shin splints.
5. Aging and Degenerative Changes
As we age, the tendons and ligaments in our feet can weaken. The posterior tibial tendon, which supports the arch, can become damaged or degenerate over time, leading to a condition known as adult-acquired flatfoot (AAF). This type of flat foot is more common in older adults and is often associated with other age-related changes in the body.
6. Neurological and Muscular Conditions
Certain neurological and muscular conditions can lead to flat feet. For example, cerebral palsy, spina bifida, or muscular dystrophy can affect muscle tone and coordination, which can, in turn, alter foot structure and lead to flat feet. These conditions may cause more severe or symptomatic flat feet compared to other causes.
7. Footwear and Lifestyle Factors
While less common, improper footwear and certain lifestyle factors can contribute to flat feet. Shoes that lack proper arch support or are overly worn can lead to the gradual collapse of the arches. Additionally, prolonged standing, especially on hard surfaces, can exacerbate the strain on the arches, potentially leading to flat feet over time.
Managing Flat Feet: What You Can Do
While the causes of flat feet vary, the approach to managing them can include several strategies:
- Orthotic Supports: Custom foot orthotics or over-the-counter arch supports can help provide the necessary support and alleviate discomfort.
- Proper Footwear: Wearing shoes with good arch support and cushioning can help prevent or manage flat feet.
- Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight reduces the strain on your feet and can prevent further arch collapse.
Flat feet can arise from a variety of factors, from genetics and childhood development to injuries and lifestyle choices. While some causes are beyond our control, others can be managed through lifestyle changes, proper footwear, and medical intervention. If you have flat feet and are experiencing discomfort, consulting with your healthcare provider or Burrard Custom Foot Orthotics can help you find the right approach to manage your symptoms and maintain foot health.